Last update:
13.Oct.2020 (added link to download mentioned files, please see remark below; as mentioned I don't take responsability for whatever you download from this website)
Summary
Took me 6 hours to understand how to boot into the UEFI console and to flash that damn firmware from IR to IT mode but I hope that with these instructions you'll be able to do it within max 10 minutes (once you manage to boot it will take 30 seconds to perform the flash).
So far I'm very happy with the performance of the card but I haven't done any hard reliability tests yet (e.g. extract a "live" drive and see how the others behave).
If you're not interested in the background details just start reading from "Disclaimer & warning".
Requirements
I used so far a veeery old but very reliable Promise TX4 SATA 300 PCI card to have 4 additional SATA HDDs in my PC/server, but due to its bus/controller/whatever the card's total throughput is limited to 100MB/s, which is kind of ok for casual use but is terrible when using software that does a lot of I/O => as I was replacing in this period old disks and adding as well SSDs I decided to look for a faster card.
As my servers run Linux (Gentoo) I wanted a card that was reliable under Linux and that had good drivers included in the mainline kernel - I definitely did not want to be stuck into the situation of not being able to upgrade the kernel because of the card's drivers/modules not being compatible with newer versions. This includes applying "patches".
The card had to be able to handle at least 4 devices.
The controller shall not be Marvell!!!!!! (absolutely unreliable controllers, at least in Linux).
Max budget ~200 CHF.
Selection
It was since a couple of years that I didn't have a look at this kind of hardware and I initially had to accept the fact that nowadays basically only Highpoint (at least in Switzerland) offers PCIE cards that have "normal" SATA-connectors/plugs attached directly to the cards.
As Highpoint's cards use Marvell controllers and as I absolutely wanted to avoid them (I had all kind of problems with those - data lost and/or the whole array of disks going offline when just 1 had a problem) I was forced to look at those other "weird" cards that have those "SFF"-connectors I never heard about.
I didn't do a full research but I understood that basically those connectors are just like a "1:n"-plug for HDDs/SSDs/whatever.
I found Adaptec and LSI cards (and some other server cards but I avoided them as they might not react well if they aren't in their well-known habitat) and I ignored the ones of Adaptec as 1) from what I've read in the forums their Linux driver is kind of sad and 2) the driver/module has to be downloaded and compiled separately => no problem about downloading & compiling but this means that the kernel upgrade options would be limited by the compatibility of the external module as mentioned above.
The cheapest cards of LSI were the 9211-4i and the 9211-8i - the forums described them both as being reliable.
I went for the 9211-8i for 270 CHF as I don't have a PCIEx4 on my motherboard (wouldn't have been great to waste the PCIEx16 slot for a x4 card) and the price difference between the 4i and the 8i and my budget wasn't too big.
I had to order additionally 2 "SFF-8087 to 4 SATA cables", for ~60 CHF (~30.- each) as the card does not have any cables included.
I went therefore ~65% over my original budget but at least this setup allowed me to connect up to 8 additional disks.
IT vs IR Firmware
The card ("LSI Host Bus Adapter SAS 9211-8i") comes by default with a so-called IR firmware with the possibility to swap it to a so-called IT firmware.
IR: Integrated Raid. The card itself writes extra proprietary informations to the devices => such devices can therefore be read only by compatible HW.
IT: Initiator Target.
With IR the card itself takes control of how the data is written to the disks and how it is presented to the OS.
With IT the card acts as a pure "passthrough" presenting to the OS what is really on the disks.
I wanted to use the IT mode for various reasons (mainly no dependencies towards specific HW + wanted to have full control of performance) and I had therefore to flash the card's firmware and load the one for the IT-mode.
This sounds very easy and it actually is, if you know how to do it.
If you want to keep using the IR-mode and are happy with the firmware's version then you don't have to do anything.
Disclaimer & warning
1)
These are instructions for the specific case of a normal PC having an Asus UEFI bios and SecureBoot not being used. In your specific case you might have to perform additional actions or skip others.
Especially in the case that you use SecureBoot (e.g. likely in the case of Windows10) check first how to deactivate it, deactivate it and once you're able to boot into Windows try to update the controller's firmware.
2)
This page is just a hint of what could be done to achieve your own target - if you execute whatever is mentioned in this page you carry the full responsability for the outcome of your actions which might include destroying the controller card and/or all data that is in/directly attached to it and/or other more indirect repercussions involving e.g. destruction of systems that are not under your direct control.
Flashing the firmware 1: preparations
1)
First plug the card into the PC without connecting it to any drives and check if the PC is still able to boot.
The card in the current IR-mode can take up an insane amount of time to start (in my case ~4 minutes in IR-mode, later in IT-mode it takes ~20 seconds), so don't even start thinking that your PC/server is hanging if you keep staring at the "Avago" boot prompt of the card for less than 5 minutes (I thought so and put it into a second PC getting the same result).
2)
Now that you saw that you PC/server is still able to boot even with the card inserted in its slot, prepare a medium to use to boot the PC/server and update the firmware.
In my case I went for a USB-stick, which I partitioned & formatted as follows (nothing special, just a fat32+vfat partition):
# fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 29.8 GiB, 32015679488 bytes, 62530624 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0004a804 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 2048 62530623 62528576 29.8G c W95 FAT32 (LBA) # mount | grep -i sdb /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/source type vfat (rw,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
3)
You have to download the firmware & bios & flashing program of the LSI card and place them on the root of the partition of the USB-stick.
4)
If you have a very old PC/server that does not have a UEFI bios you can use a normal MSDOS bootable OS like FreeDOS and that should be it.
If you have a UEFI-bios you'll have to boot into a so-called UEFI-console, which is THE problem for normal users like me => the next instructions are only for users that have a UEFI-bios which doesn't offer you a standard UEFI-console (apparently some "real" servers can boot on their own and go into a minimal embedded UEFI-console).
5)
Here is how the files and directories are supposed to look on the medium (in my case the USB-stick):
# tree . ├── 2118it.bin ├── efi │ └── boot │ └── bootx64.efi ├── mptbios.txt ├── mptsas2.rom ├── sas2flash.efi └── sas2flsh.exe
Place everything that you download from the site of LSI (bios + firmware + firmware flash utility) into the root directory.
(the "sas2flsh.exe" is actually not needed in the case of UEFI)
The "/efi/boot/bootx64.efi" was downloaded from here (update 13.Oct.2020: target URL "https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2/EdkShellBinPkg/FullShell/..." became invalid) which is mentioned in this post and which I renamed to "bootx64.efi".
You won't be able to boot without this mistery-file if your BIOS (server) does not offer to boot directly into a UEFI-console (took me 5.5 hrs to understand this).
I have a private copy of the holy "bootx64.efi" here (update 13.Oct.2020: target URL became invalid) which you can download if the original one in github is not available anymore and you trust my website to not have become corrupted (and you shouldn't).
UPDATE 13.Oct.2020
a zipfile containing all files that I had on by USBstick can be downloaded here (the firmware version might be old => check on LSI's website if you can find a newer one).
I moved this site 6 months ago and noticed only now that I lost the files there were referenced in the original article => now you should have everything.
The MD5 hash of the zipfile is supposed to be "07ab8e48c967ba6ccf7297a4e450110e" (but if somebody managed to hack my server and change the zip then that person will probably have changed as well the md5 mentioned here => use this only as a last resort!).
You're basically done!
Flashing the firmware 2: Boot into the UEFI shell
When you reboot press F8 or whatever to select the device to boot from => you should see your USB-stick listed maybe even twice once as "UEFI: " and just ""
Select the "UEFI"-variantand boot.
Hopefully you're now in a type shell that you've never ever seen before, which is a UEFI-shell?!
If you're not then you're on your own (with the exception of SecureBoot - see next line).
BUT if you have SecureBoot enabled maybe your UEFI bios isn't very happy that you're trying to boot something that is trying to access it (I don't really understand the whole theme) and will stop you from booting from the USB-stick => if that's the case you'll have to disable SecureBoot (which in my case with Asus I did by telling the BIOS-menu to save my keys (on the same USBstick that I was using to change the card's firmware) and by deleting the Primary Key and selecting "other OS").
If you then do a 2nd attempt you should be able to get to the UEFI-shell.
Flashing the firmware 3: flash!
At this point you should finally be in the UEFI-shell, eeeehhhh!
As shown here you should go to the USB stick by typing "fs0:" (similar to when you want to change drive in a Windows cmd prompt with e.g. "d:").
Then after checking with "dir" that you see all the files that you have originally downloaded from LSI's website you should check with "sas2flash.efi -list" if you can see your card.
If you do see your card then erase its current firmware with "sas2flash.efi -o -e 6" and then write the new one with "sas2flash.efi -o -f 2118it_hey.bin -b mptsas2_hey.rom" (I have added the "_hey" just to avoid that you flash junk into your card as you might use these instructions e.g. for other card models)
If you have multiple cards then select the appropriate one using the appropriate option (e.g. "-c ")!!
Check the output and check again with "sas2flash.efi -list" that you can see your card and that the versions are all matching your desired result.
Reboot (should be much faster now in IT-mode) and if you want get into the card's BIOS => it should look very different compared to before.
Took me 6 hours to figure out all this (I always tried to ignore as much as I could about UEFI and SecureBoot).
Linux
The module to use is "mpt3sas", which as of kernel 4.9.6 is included in the reference kernel (therefore nothing extra to download nor compile) under "Device Drivers --->SCSI device support --->SCSI low-level drivers --->LSI MPT Fusion SAS 3.0 & SAS 2.0 Device Driver".
The command "lspci -k" returns the following for my card: 02:00.0 Serial Attached SCSI controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS2008 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 [Falcon] (rev 03) Subsystem: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS2008 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 [Falcon] Kernel driver in use: mpt3sas Kernel modules: mpt3sas
Don't spontaneously compile the module into the kernel itself otherwise you'll probably get a kernel panic during boot as the order or devices will be swapped (e.g. "sda" will become "sde", making grub & co. try to find your root partition on the wrong disk).
Cannot say much about performance and temperature - so far the max load on the card were only ~30seconds spikes of ~200MB/s on a single HDD with basically 1% CPU consumption.